Robert Emmet (March 4, 1778 - September 20, 1803) was an Irish nationalist and a Republican leader, an orator and a rebel. After leading a failed rebellion against British rule in 1803 he was arrested and then tried and executed for high treason against the king of England.
He is from a wealthy Anglo-Irish Protestant family sympathetic to Irish Catholics and a lack of fair representation in Parliament. The Emmets also sympathized with the rebel colony in the American Revolution. While Emmet's attempts to revolt against British rule failed, his actions and speeches after his conviction inspired his colleagues.
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She was born in 109 St Stephen's Green, in Dublin on March 4, 1778. She was the youngest son of Dr. Robert Emmet (1729-1802), a palace physician, and his wife, Elizabeth Mason (1739-1803). The Emmets are financially comfortable, with a home in St Stephen's Green and a country residence near Milltown. One of his brothers was a nationalist Thomas Addis Emmet, a close friend of Theobald Wolfe Tone, who often visited the house when Robert was a child.
Emmet attends Oswald's school, at Dopping's-court, off Golden-lane. Emmet entered Trinity College, Dublin in October 1793, at the age of fifteen. In December 1797 he joined the College Historical Society, a debating society. When he was in college, his brother Thomas and some of his friends were involved in political activism. Robert became secretary of the Irish Secret Committee at college, and was issued in April 1798 as a result. That same year he fled to France to avoid the many British nationalist arrests that took place in Ireland. While in France, Emmet has the support of Napoleon, who has promised to give support when the upcoming revolution begins.
After 1798, Emmet was involved in the reorganization of the losing United States. In April 1799 a warrant was issued for his arrest. He fled and soon after traveling to the continent in the hope of securing French military aid. His efforts were unsuccessful, as Napoleon concentrated his efforts to attack England. Emmet returned to Ireland in October 1802. In March of the following year, he began preparations for another uprising.
Maps Robert Emmet
1803 rebellion
Upon his return to Ireland, Emmet began preparing for a new uprising, with fellow revolutionaries Thomas Russell and James Hope. He started producing weapons and explosives in a number of places in Dublin and developed a folding spear fitted with a hinge that allowed it to be hidden under the cloak. Unlike 1798, the revolutionaries hid their preparations, but a premature explosion at one of Emmet's weapon depots killed a man. Emmet was forced to advance the rising date before the suspicions of the aroused authorities.
Emmet can not secure help from Wicklow rebel Michael Dwyer. Many rebels from Kildare turned around because of the scarcity of firearms that had been promised, but the resurgence continued in Dublin on the night of July 23, 1803. About 10,000 copies were proclaimed on behalf of the "Provisional Government", affecting the 1916 Proclamation; mostly destroyed by the authorities.
Emmet wore a green coat uniform with white facings, white pants, high boots, and a waist-length hat. Failing to capture Dublin Castle, which was lightly defended, the growing number of large-scale disruptions in the Thomas Street area. Emmett saw dragoons being pulled from his horse and pickup to death, a scene that prompted him to cancel the ride to avoid further bloodshed. But he lost control of his followers. In one incident, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, Lord Kilwarden, was dragged from his car and pierced by a spear. Found alive, he was taken to the guard house where he died shortly afterward. He was reviled as the chief prosecutor of William Orr in 1797, but he was also the judge who gave habeas corpus to Wolfe Tone in 1798. Kilwarden's nephew, Reverend Wolfe, was also killed. Sporadic clashes continued into the night until it was finally extinguished by British military forces.
Retrieve and try
Emmet escapes to a hideout, moving from Rathfarnham to Harold's Cross so he can be near his girlfriend, Sarah Curran. He might be able to escape to France, had not he insisted on returning with Anne Devlin to take leave from Sarah Curran, to whom he was engaged. She is the daughter of John Philpot Curran. Emmet was arrested on August 25 and taken to Castle, then transferred to Kilmainham. Hard work but not effectively done to get the escape.
He was tried for treason on September 19; The Crown fixes a weakness in his case by secretly buying Emmet's defense lawyer Leonard McNally for £ 200 and a pension. But McNally's assistant, Peter Burrowes could not be bought and he pleaded the case as best he could. On September 19, Emmet was found guilty of high treason.
Before the penalty Emmet delivered a speech, Speech from the Wharf. , This is especially remembered for the closing sentence and guaranteed his fame in posthumous among the executed Irish republicans. It was printed in 1835 in Manchester for the Carlile TP bookeller.
Do not let men write my tombstone; because nobody knows my motives now dare justify them, do not prejudice or ignorance, fun to them. Let them and I rest in obscurity and peace, and my grave remains unchecked, and my memory is forgotten, until other times and others can be fair to my character. When my country takes its place among the nations of the earth, then and not until then , let my tombstone be written. I am done.
An earlier and perhaps more accurate version of the speech was published in 1818, in a biography of Sarah Curran's father, John, stressed that Emmet's gravestone will be written on the justification of his character, and not specifically when Ireland takes its place as a nation. It's closed:
I am here ready to die. I am not allowed to defend my character; no one dared to defend my character; and when I am prevented from justifying myself, do not let anyone dare to play me. Let my character and my motives rest in uncertainty and peace, until other times and others can do justice. Then my character will be proved right; then may my tombstone be written.
Supreme Court Justice Lord Norbury punished Emmet for hanging, drawing and dismembering, as is commonly done for a belief in treason. The next day, September 20, Emmet was executed on Thomas Street near St. Louis. Catherine's. He was hanged and beheaded once dead. When family members and friends from Robert have also been arrested, including some who have nothing to do with the uprising, no one has come forward to claim his body for fear of being arrested.
Robert Emmet is described as a small man; his face was orderly, his forehead high, his eyes bright and full of expression, his nose was sharp, thin, and straight, the bottom of his face slightly pockmarked, his skin pale.
Funeral
Emmet's body was first sent to Newgate Prison and then returned to Kilmainham Prison, where the jailer was under instruction that if no one claimed they would be buried at a nearby hospital burial place called 'Bully's Acre' in Kilmainham. The search then there did not find any remnants; it appears that the remains of Emmett were secretly taken from Bully's Acre and re-interrogated in St. Michan, a Dublin church with strong Irish associations, though never confirmed.
Speculation continues on the whereabouts of Emmet's remains. It is alleged that they were secretly buried in the vault of the Dublin Anglican church. When the vault was inspected in 1950, a headless corpse was found, suspected of belonging to Emmet, but could not be identified. Widely accepted is the theory that Emmet's body was moved to St. Peter's Church in Aungier St. under the patronage of Robert's sister Mary Anne Holmes in 1804. In the 1980s the church was deconstructed and all coffins were removed from the vault.. The Church has been destroyed.
Legacy
Emmet became a heroic figure in Irish history. His speech from the pier was widely cited and remembered, especially among Irish nationalists. When he and his family also supported the American Revolutionary War, he was also remembered there. Emmet's housekeeper, Anne Devlin, is also remembered in Irish history due to torture without providing information to the authorities.
Robert Emmet's sister, Thomas Addis Emmet emigrated to the United States shortly after Robert's execution. He eventually served as Attorney General of the State of New York. His descendants include the American portrait painters Lydia Field Emmet, Rosina Sherwood Emmet, and Jane Emmet de Glehn, who is the great niece of Robert Emmet. Another offspring is American playwright Robert Emmet Sherwood.
Devereux Emmet, the architect of the golf course, is Robert Emmet's great nephew.
Representation in popular culture
Robert Emmet wrote a letter from his cell in Kilmainham Gaol, Dublin on September 8, 1803. He delivered it to "Miss Sarah Curran, Priory, Rathfarnham" and handed it to prison warden, George Dunn, whom she trusted to send. Dunn betrayed him and gave the letter to the government authorities. Due to Emmet's efforts to hide near Curran, which made him lose his life, and his farewell letter to him, Emmet was known as a legendary romantic character, appealing to the Victorian Era of Romanticism.
His story is a stage melodrama subject during the 19th century, the most famous of which was an inaccurate Dion Boucicault show in 1884 by Robert Emmet. He mistakenly described Emmet and Curran as Roman Catholics (they were both Protestant), his father John Philpot Curran depicted as Unionist, and Emmet was killed on stage by firing squad.
Robert's friend from Trinity College, Thomas Moore, championed his goal by writing popular ballad songs about him and Sarah Curran, as
- Oh breathing is not her name! let sleep in the shade ,
- Where cold and unpaid relics are placed!
The poem "At the Tomb of Robert Emmet" by Percy Bysshe Shelley states that Emmet's grave will "remain polluted by fame", because its location is unknown:
- There is no trump saying your virtue - the grave where they rest
- With dust you will remain polluted by fame, Until your enemy, for the sake of the world and by luck stroked,
- Must pass like a fog from the light of your name.
Washington Irving, who devoted "The Broken Heart" in his book Sketch Book Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. with the romance between Emmet and Sarah Curran, citing it as an example of how a broken heart can be fatal.
American film by Irish-Canadian Sidney Olcott titled All for Old Ireland (1915), also known as Bold Emmett, Irish Martyr or Robert Emmet, i>
He was referenced by the name of "thick Robert" in the song Back Home in Derry, written by Bobby Sands and recorded by Christy Moore.
Awards
Places named after Emmet in the United States include Emmetsburg, Iowa; Emmet, Nebraska; Emmet County, Iowa; Emmett, Michigan and Emmet County, Michigan. Robert Emmet Elementary School in Chicago, Illinois was named for him. The Robert Emmets GAA club is named after its name. Emmet Park in Savannah, Georgia is named after Emmet after being urged from Ireland's large Irish-born population.
The statues were erected in his honor:
- Life-size bronze statue of Robert Emmet by Jerome Connor stands at St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, the park next to the born Emmett.
- The Emmet bronze statue by Jerome Connor stands in Washington, DC at Embassy Row (Massachusetts Avenue NW and S Street NW). Public warnings of Emmet's execution and legacy are held annually on the fourth Sunday in September by the United Irish Union Conference.
- A copy of this statue is installed at Golden Gate Park in San Francisco.
- The Emmet Statue is in the courthouse in Emmetsburg, Iowa.
See also
- Despard Plot
- John Allen
- List of people with Irish postage
References
Bibliography
- Elliott, Marianne. Robert Emmet: Legend Creation
- Geoghegan, Patrick. Robert Emmet: A Life (Gill and Macmillan) ISBNÃ, 0-7171-3387-7
- Gough, Hugh & amp; David Dickson, editor. Ireland and the French Revolution
- McMahon, Sean. Robert Emmet
- O Bradaigh, Sean. Bold Robert Emmet 1778-1803
- O'Donnell, Ruan. Robert Emmet and Rebellion 1798
- _____. Robert Emmet and Rising of 1803
- _____. Remember Emmet: Pictures of Life and legacy of Robert Emmet
- Smyth, Jim. The Men of No Property: Irish Radical and Popular Politics in the Eighteenth Century
- Stewart, A.T.Q. A Deeper Silence: The Hidden Origins of the United Irish Movement
External links
- Robert Emmet
- Robert Emmet indexes articles in History Ireland
- The History of Dublin Castle, Chapter 13. Emmet Execution
- DNA test to see if the skull belongs to Emmet
- Emmet's 'Proclamation of Independence'
- Robert Emmet's Speech (Unabridged) From Dock
- Bronze statue of Robert Emmet (1916), by Jerome Stanley Connor, in Emmet Park, Washington, DC (photo)
- ÃÆ' â € ° amon De Valera introduces the statue of Robert Emmet at Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, July 20, 1919
- Artson Museum Smith Art Collections of American Art Museum from the Robert Emmet Statue in Washington, D.C.
- Robert Emmet Museum
- Works by Robert Emmet on LibriVox (public domain audiobook)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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