Wave (known as Mexican waves in the English-speaking world outside North America) is an example of metachronal rhythms achieved in crowded stadiums as successive groups of audiences stand briefly, yell, and raise their hands. Immediately after stretching to full height, the audience returns to their usual seating position.
The result is a wave of standing spectators moving through the crowd, although individual audiences never leave their seats. In many large arenas people sit on adjacent circuits around the sports field, and waves can travel continuously around the arena; in non-consecutive seating arrangements, the waves can instead reflect back and forth through the crowd. When the gap in the seat is narrow, the waves can sometimes pass through. Usually only one wave wave will be present at a given time in an arena, although simultaneously, a spinning wave has been generated.
Video Wave (audience)
Asal dan variasi
1970s-1980s
Although there is a general disagreement about the origin of the right waves, most of the phenomenal origin stories show that the first wave began to appear on North American sports events during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Krazy George Henderson completed the wave in the National Hockey League match, followed later by the earliest available video documentation of the wave, which he led on 15 October 1981 in a Major League Baseball game in Oakland, California. This wave was broadcast on TV, and George had used video footage of the show to support his claim as the inventor of the waves. On October 31, 1981, a wave was created at a UW football match against Stanford at Husky Stadium in Seattle, and cheering continued to emerge for the rest of the football season that year. Although the people who created the first wave in Seattle have recognized the wave of Krazy George at the baseball stadium, they claim to have popularized the phenomenon.
Krazy George believes that his initial wave was inspired by an accident when he led cheers at the Edmonton Oilers National Oil Hockey League game at the Northlands Coliseum in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The routine is to have one side of the jumping and cheering arena, then to have the opposite response. One night in late 1980, there was a delayed response from one part of the fans, which caused them to jump to their feet a few seconds later than the section next to them. The next part of the fans followed him, and the first wave surrounded the Northlands Coliseum by itself. In The Game of Our Lives, a 1981 book about the 1980-81 Oilers' season, journalist Peter Gzowski describes this routine, which has no name but has become the standard in Krazy George's repertoire: "He will start cheering in one corner and then rolling it around the arena, with each part rising from his seat as he shouted. "
University of Washington
Robb Weller, a cheerleader at the University of Washington from 1968 to 1972 and then co-host, indicated in September 1984 that the early-1970s cheerleaders developed a wave version that changed from top to bottom rather than from side to side, as a result of the difficulty in getting members of a college-general audiences generally drunk to raise and lower cards in a timely manner:
Actually... there are two Waves. I was a cheerleader at the University of Washington from 1968 to 1972 when we started the first Wave. We tried the card tricks, but the kids would absorb too much and the card tricks would make things go awry; then we will try the card tricks with the kids using their body as a card and it will not work. Finally we tried the Wave in the student section and it was caught but the Wave was different from this Wave. It will go from the bottom up, not from side to side.
The first wave at the University of Washington Husky Stadium took place on Halloween 1981, at the instigation of Dave Hunter (Husky band trumpeter) and visiting aluminum cheerleader, Weller.
University of Michigan
In the early autumn of 1983, Wolverines Michigan played the Huskies in Seattle and brought the waves back to the Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor. A letter to the sports editor of The New York Times stated, "There are three reasons why the waves are caught in the Michigan Wolverine game: It gives fans something to do when the team leads its opponent with 40 points, it's very thrilling and interesting to see 105,000 people in the stands moving and cheering, and Bo Schembechler asked us not to do it. "The fans responded to his request by doing more waves, including" Silent Waves "(standing and waving without cheering)," Shsh Waves " replacing the cheers with "shshing" sounds), "Fast Wave", "Slow Waves", and two simultaneous waves moving in opposite directions. The following spring, fans enjoying the waves in Ann Arbor introduce him to the Tiger Stadium in Detroit. The Tigers won the World Series of baseball that year and appeared in many televised games throughout 1984, so people across the US saw it.
The Wave is featured as being done by Apple Inc. fans. before a presentation by Steve Jobs in the film Steve Jobs , in a scene set before the 1986 FIFA World Cup in Mexico.
Maps Wave (audience)
Global broadcast
1984 Olympic soccer final
The wave was broadcast internationally during the 1984 Olympic final between Brazil and France on August 11, when it was held among the 100,000 present at Rose Bowl, Pasadena.
FIFA World Cup 1986 in Mexico
The 1986 FIFA World Cup in Mexico was broadcasted to a global audience, and waves were popularized around the world after being shown during the tournament. The finals in Mexico are the first time that most people living outside of North America have seen the phenomenon. As a result, English speakers outside of North America refer to the phenomenon as "the Mexican wave". In Germany, Italy, and other countries, waves are called "la ola" (or just ola ) from the Spanish word for "wave", while in Portuguese speaking countries, like Brazil, it is or translated to a onda , more commonly [o] ondÃÆ' Â £ o (augmentative) or just onda , but a ola
Current appearance
Today, waves are often seen during FIFA World Cup events when audiences want to show respect for the match or during a pause in action on the playing field to amuse themselves. There is some controversy when the waves are right to perform during sporting events. Many fans feel that the tide should not be done in the important situation during the game.
Prior to the rebuilding of the Melbourne Cricket Ground between 2002 and 2006, spectators sitting on Stand Members (reserved for members of the Melbourne Cricket Club) will not participate in Mexican waves, and will be booed by other spectators in the field, before the tide will continue on the other side of the stands. Sociologist John Carroll describes the practice of "mocking the Members" as ignoring any claims to superior authority or social status in the members, although kind and based on the egalitarian nature of watching sports. (As an additional note to the phenomenon of "mocking Members", even when Members 'booths are closed due to reconstruction work, the crowd will remain boo, even though the Members' booth is completely empty.When the Mexican wave is banned (see below), a large section of Members participates in a wave of protests.) Such features are also observed in Lord's, where Members in the pavilions rarely participate, to boos from the crowd.
Australian cricket bans waves at home games in 2007, citing liquids and other dangerous objects thrown in the air during waves. The move was greeted with mistrust by the rest of the cricket world and the ban only served to increase the prevalence of the waves in those games, including in one game when Adam Gilchrist, the Australian goalkeeper participating in a banned wave from the playground. The ban continues to be applied temporarily and repealed by Australian Cricket and Australian police.
Metrics
In 2002, TamÃÆ'¡s Vicsek of LorÃÆ'¡Âs Loránd University, Hungary together with his colleagues analyzed videos of 14 waves in the Mexican football stadium, developed a wave behavioral standard model (published in Nature ). He found that it only takes a few dozen action fans to trigger waves. Once started, it usually rotates clockwise at a rate of about 12 m/s (40 ft/s), or about 22 seats per second. At a given moment the waves are about 15 seats wide. This observation seems to apply in different cultures and sports, although the details vary in each case.
Note size
During the 2010 Rally to Restore Sewness and/or Fear about 210,000 people participated in a wave led by MythBusters hosts Jamie Hyneman and Adam Savage.
See also
- Honey bees (make wave-like motions to frighten enemies.)
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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