Hilaria ( ; the "cheerful" Latin, the term derived from the Ancient Greek loan adjective: ?????? "cheerful, rejoice") is a celebration of ancient Roman religion celebrated on the March equinox in honor of Cybele.
Video Hilaria
Origins
The term is initially the name given for each day or season of joy. The hilaria is, therefore, according to Maximus the Confessor either private or public. Among the first, he thought it was the day in which a man was married, and where a son was born; among the last, the days of public rejeki appointed by the new emperor. Such days are devoted to general rejoicings and public sacrifices, and none are permitted to show symptoms of sorrow or sadness.
The Romans also celebrated hilaria as a feria stativa on March 25, the eighth day before the feast of April, in honor of Cybele, the mother of the gods; and it is possible to distinguish hilaria from those mentioned above, that the history of Augustan calls them Hilaria Matris DeÃÆ'Â »m . The day of celebration is the first after the spring turning point, or the first day of the year that is longer than the night. Winter with its gloom has died, and the first day of the better season is spent for fun. The manner of celebration during the republic is unknown, except that Valerius Maximus mentions the game in honor of the mother of the gods. In honor of his celebration of the empire, Herodian wrote that, among other things, there was a great procession, in which the goddess's statue was brought, and before this statue carried the most expensive specimen of the plate and artwork. belonging to the rich Roma or the emperor himself. All types of games and entertainment are allowed on this day; disguises are the most prominent among them, and everyone may, in his guise, imitate who he likes, and even judges.
The Romans took this party originally from the Greeks, who called it ????????, Latin Ascensus : the night they spent with tears and laments, calling it ? ???????? (Latin D> scensus ). The Greek writers later borrowed the Latin name as ??????, as it emerged from Photios I of Constantinople Bibliotheca in his codex about the life of the philosopher Isidore of Alexandria.
Maps Hilaria
Festival structure
Full festivals can be reconstructed temporarily (with festival days literally translated) as follows:
- March 15th. "The Reed Entered". The exact meaning is uncertain (the reed may refer to the riverbank where Attis is exposed as a child and saved by Cybele). Nine-day periods of abstinence from bread, pomegranates, quince, pork, fish, and maybe wine begin. Only milk is allowed as a drink.
- March 22nd. "The Tree Entry" ( Arbor intrat ). A pine tree of sacred wood to Cybele is cut down after the sacrifice of a ram at its roots. The tree was brought in a procession through the city as if at a funeral to the Cybele Temple on the Palatine Hill.
- March 23rd. A day of mourning.
- March 24th. "The Day of Blood" ( Sanguis ). The hustle and bustle rituals include whipping and whipping. The castration ritual will take place today. The tree was buried symbolically.
- March 25th. "The Day of Joy" ( Hilaria ) celebrates the rise of Attis. This is the proper hilaria (as opposed to the sad tone of the previous days).
- March 26th. A day of rest.
- March 27th. "The Washing" ( Lavatio ). Added by Marcus Aurelius.
- March 28th. Possible ceremonies at the Vatican sanctuary. Appears in Philocalus Calendar.
More
According to Calendar Filocalus of 354, Hilaria Isis is part of the festival of Isia, which took place on her last day, November 3.
On this day
Herodian detailing the plot of murder by Maternus against Emperor Commodus that occurred in hilaria. Maternus planned to disguise himself and his followers as a Praetorian Guard member, and continued among the real Guard members, until they were close enough to kill Commodus. However, one of Maternus's followers reveals his plot ahead of time, betraying him because, according to Herodian, his men "favor the legitimate emperor for a robber tyrant." On the day of hilaria, he was beheaded and his followers were punished. The public celebrated the emperor's safety, and Commodus was sacrificed to Cybele for protecting him from harm.
Note
References
- This article combines text from publications now in the public domain: Ã, Smith, William, ed. (1854-1857). "Hilaria". Greek and Roman Geography Dictionary . London: John Murray.
- This article incorporates text from publications now in the public domain: Ã, Chambers, Ephraim, ed. (1728). "hilaria". CyclopÃÆ'Â|dia, or Dictionary of Arts and Sciences Universal . 1 (first ed.). James and John Knapton, et al. p.Ã, 250.
- Mary Beard, John North, Simon Price. Roman Religion . Cambridge University Press. 1998. ISBNÃ, 0-521-45646-0. pp 133-134.
- Robin Osborne. Study in Ancient Greece and Roman Society . Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN: 0-521-83769-3. p 365.
- "Hilaria". Oxford English Dictionary . Oxford University Press. 2nd Edition. 1989.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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