The YouTube video hosting service is a social networking website that practically every individual or organization with Internet access can upload videos that can be viewed almost instantly by a wide audience. As the world's largest video platform, YouTube has impacted on many fronts, with several private YouTube videos that have directly shaped world events.
Video Social impact of YouTube
Cultural effects
Education and knowledge proliferation
In his TED Talk 2010 on accelerated innovations by the crowd, the TED curator, Chris Anderson, initially noted that the human brain is "paired uniquely" to break high-bandwidth video codes, and that's unlike written text, face-to-face communication of type the online video it submits has been "refined by millions of years of evolution." Referring to several YouTube contributors, Anderson insisted that "what Gutenberg does to write, online video can now be done for face-to-face communication," that it is not exaggerated to say that online video will accelerate dramatic scientific progress, and the video contributors may launch "the biggest learning cycle in human history."
Khan Academy founder Salman Khan, a former hedge fund analyst, cultivated a YouTube video tutorial session for his cousin in 2006 into what Forbes Michael Noer calls "the world's largest school" - a nonprofit organization with ten million students and $ 7 million annual operating budget reported (2012). By the end of 2013, the YouTube Academy Khan channel network has grown to 26,000 videos at no cost that has collectively been seen 372 million times. Noer argues that technology ultimately becomes poised to disrupt the way people learn, given the rise of widespread broadband, low cost to create and distribute content, rapidly growing mobile devices, the shift in social norms to accept the effectiveness of online learning and the generation of tech savvy people willing accept it, with students watching the lectures and working on their own schedule at their own pace.
Certain state school systems, non-profits, and charter schools use YouTube videos from outstanding educators in teacher training and professional development.
Around 2,500 TED lecture videos - the submissions described by technology journalist Steven Levy as "an aspirational highlight for the series of thoughts" - have collectively been seen almost 250 million times on the YouTube channel network "TEDtalksDirector".
At a more micro level, individuals use YouTube to bring "how" videos to share their knowledge in areas such as cosmetics, and companies like Ford Model use the "how-to" video to build their brand.
Studies by public health researchers have expressed concern about the impact of health information available on YouTube, on the grounds of potential harm to patients if inaccurate or dubious claims are presented as facts.
Repository of searchable information
Beyond that is what Forrester Research analysts characterize as the largest video platform in the world, in January 2012 YouTube is also the second most popular search engine in the world. However, YouTube keyword searches are limited to metadata - the title and video labels - rather than the video content itself.
Triggering innovation through a distributed community
The following year after the 2005 YouTube launch, some early video makers got a large audience, while others created a small, tight community among shared observers. In 2010, TED curator Chris Anderson described a phenomenon in which geographically distributed individuals in a particular field shared their skills independently developed in YouTube videos, challenging others to improve their own skills, and spurring discoveries and evolutions in the field that. The Extraordinary Dancer Legion producer Jon M. Chu described "the entire global online laboratory" where "children in Japan took the motion of a YouTube video made in Detroit, built it in a few days and released a new one. video, while teenagers in California take Japanese videos and mix them with Philly's talent to create a new dance style in itself. "Such fields include dance and music, with Chu saying the internet is causing the dance to flourish, and journalist Virginia Heffernan calls certain music videos "a portal into microcultures around the world".
Originally posted anonymously by a guitarist seeking advice on his game, the 2005 YouTube cover of Canon Canon's Canon Rock adaptation received millions of views and spawned hundreds of copycats in "the process of influence, imitation and inspiration." Journalist Virginia Heffernan asserted in The New York Times that such a video has "a surprising implication" not only for YouTube but also for the spread of culture and even the future of classical music.
YouTube has provided inventory for market lovers to test their concepts, and platforms - though of no value - to spread innovations faster and wider than writing papers or speaking at conferences. The collaborative "meeting", the global online equivalent of Homebrew Computer Club, takes place virtually, via video.
Three years after Google bought YouTube and larger production companies began to dominate, a New York Times Magazine journalist said the website "is still incubating new forms of creative expression and fostering new audiences" when amateurs continue to create "microgenres" serving a niche audience, collectively creating what he describes as an "art scene".
Collaboration and crowdsourcing
In projects such as the YouTube Symphony Orchestra and Extraordinary Legion Dancers, geographically, artists are distributed based on their individual online video auditions, and gather on the same stage to perform, respectively, at Carnegie Hall (2009) ) and at the Academy Awards ceremony (2010).
The next step is to combine geographically distributed performance into a single piece of work, with no players ever physically meeting each other. Similarly minded or talented individuals have used Internet communications to address geographic separation to create crowdsourced YouTube videos to encourage donations, such as the charity collaboration video of Lisa Lavie 57-contributor "We Are the World 25 for Haiti (YouTube Edition)" for benefit the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake. The Tokyo Times recorded the YouTube video "We Pray for You" from J Rice, benefiting the victims of the 2011 T-hsu earthquake and tsunami, for example trends to use crowdsourcing like that for charitable purposes.
The 2011 film Life of a Day, a documentary film partnered with YouTube consisting of scenes selected from 4,500 hours of amateur video footage from 80,000 submitter, was the first user-made, user-first crowdsourced movie cinema. Director Kevin Macdonald explained that the movie "would not be possible pre-Internet, especially pre-YouTube".
Anti-bullying That Gets Better Projects is extended from a YouTube video directed to LGBT teenagers who are desperate or suicidal. Within weeks, hundreds of "It Get Better" responses were uploaded to the project by people of various levels of celebrity, and, by two months, by US President Barack Obama, White House staff, and several cabinet secretaries. In addition to "flashcard" testimonials by intimidating victims and adult drive videos, PSA anti-bullying has taken the form of YouTube music videos; parenting writer Rosalind Wiseman said that the creators of one such video, YouTube's cover of "Perfect", can "tell (what the experts say) how it's done."
The fifteen-year-old Amanda Todd's video, titled "My Story: Fighting, bullying, suicide, self-harm" and posted to YouTube a month before suicide, became what the National Post called "sensation international "after his death.The results of extensive media coverage are controversial: although psychologists say there is value in presenting relevant mental health questions, certain headline-grabbing coverage is considered by some as possible to inspire the" group "of additional suicides. In addition to a strong public reaction, legislative action is undertaken immediately to study the prevalence of bullying and establish a national anti-bullying strategy.
YouTube personalities have used their celebrity status for charity purposes, such as Tyler Oakley's vocal support and raising tens of thousands of dollars for The Trevor Project, an organization for crisis and suicide prevention for LGBTQ youth.
The Uncle Bus video of 2006, recording a man's tirade against a Hong Kong bus fellow who asked him to speak more slowly on his cell phone, inspired a great deal of social and cultural analysis. Local experts characterize the video as "catching the collective emotional pulse" of a crowded and stressful city where people usually do not say what they feel.
Effects on values ​​and standards
YouTube was included in Entertainment Weekly's "100 Greatest" list in 2009 - albeit with ironic praise, "a safe house for cats playing piano, arrogant, and overzealous lip sprinklers since 2005". In 2010, citing the most watched YouTube video Charlie Bit My Finger as an example of viewers who did not choose what has traditionally been rated "qualified", Ad Age reporter Michael Learmonth confirmed that for information and entertainment, the Internet has killed and redefined the concept of quality. Learmonth argues that online journalism, based on "greatly reduced economy and hope", is intrinsically inaccurate and an offline version of unprofessional journalism. In this case, GroupM CEO was quoted as saying there seemed to be a greater premium on popularity than authority. Regarding this phenomenon, the CEO of Associated Content (now Yahoo Voices) says that people are increasingly comfortable receiving information from unknown sources, and that quality has come to revolve around timely usability rather than decided by professionals. In contrast, in 2012 the head of the YouTube programming strategy, Ben Relles, was quoted as saying that most viral videos are the production of scripts that did not become viral by chance, and that "poetry on YouTube supports the authenticity of production values."
Connection and personal identity
In 2008, cultural anthropologist Michael Wesch observed that both YouTube vloggers and their viewers can feel the deep connection, distance and anonymity between them allowing them to avoid the inhibiting influence of conventional social norms (such as not looking at people). This sense of connection is said to occur in the era of "cultural reversal" in which we are encouraged to express our individualism and independence, yet respect the community and relationships.
In 2011, Willow Scobie confirmed the anthropological meaning of YouTube and noted evidence of "transformative experience" for some, and that some people can actually identify as "YouTuber".
Negative effect on audience
Videos that scare or excite children are found to receive the most views, often because of the measurement of algorithm-based requests and automatic editorial supervision, automatic controls that are deemed ineffective and easily avoided. Very young children tend to watch the same video over and over and thus are found to be particularly vulnerable, including for videos with odd, sexual, or violent content. Some YouTube content creators have used website algorithms to get more views at the expense of the physical safety of viewers, such as the Tide Pod meme internet challenge that encouraged teenagers to consume pods containing laundry detergents. Journalism
A Pew Research Center study found that a new type of "visual journalism" has evolved, where eyewitnesses of citizens and established news organizations share in content creation. The study found that while 51% of the most watched YouTube news videos were produced by news organizations, 39% of the news pieces originally produced by news organizations were posted by users. The Pew's deputy director observes that news coverage on YouTube opens up the flow of information and forges new areas of cooperation and dialogue between citizens and news outlets. Although YouTube executives deny the company itself intends to go into content creation, YouTube's news manager describes it as a "catalyst" to create new original content by developing partnerships with news organizations, Pew Research's study concludes that the website "becomes an important platform whereby people earn news. "
Independent or alternative news organizations like The Real News based in Baltimore, Qatar-based Al Jazeera English, or Rain TV Russia have created channels on YouTube that enable a wider audience than traditional television broadcasts.
In July-August 2012, YouTube provided the first live-stream coverage of the event at the Summer Olympics. In August 2012 YouTube formed an "Electoral Center" which broadcasts speeches from the American national political party convention and displays content from eight major news organizations.
Maps Social impact of YouTube
Live effects on world events
The YouTube video Innocence of Muslim (2012), produced personally in the United States, is interpreted by some Muslims as blasphemy of Muhammad, and encourages international anti-American protests and violence despite official criticism. video by US government officials.
A mobile phone camera video shows the 2009 Iranian student's death, Neda Agha-Soltan during 2009-10 Iran's election protests received a George Polk Award in journalism, the first awarded to an anonymous work. The video became a symbol of the Iranian opposition movement, the Polk Award curator who said that the video "becomes an important element of news in itself". The award panel says it wants to recognize the role of ordinary citizens, especially in scenarios where professional journalists are limited.
Anwar al-Awlaki's al-Qaeda militant video, including some urgent attacks on the United States, posted to YouTube. While YouTube removes videos that spark terrorism in response to calls from members of the US Congress, it is thought that the Awlaki video is partly responsible for inspiring certain audiences into violent acts.
The United Arab Emirates (UEA) court in 2013 sentenced eight individuals to one year in prison for uploading an artificial documentary video of an alleged "gangsta culture" video from UAE teenagers, but described teenagers as mild-mannered, for example, throwing sandals as weapons. The government says people "defame the image of UAE society abroad" and cite the laws of UAE cybercrimes 2012 which prohibit the use of information technology in a way "responsible for endangering state security." The prisons sparked criticism from the Emirat Human Rights Center, which insists that the case exposes state problems with valid legal process and strict Internet laws.
The "operative propaganda" of the terrorist organizations of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (IS, Daesh or ISIS) publishes propaganda and recruits videos on YouTube, leading law enforcement agencies working with social media companies to take retaliatory action, or violation of anti-terror laws, and suspend user accounts. A number of government agencies have been granted YouTube's "trusted trigger status" to prioritize reporting of malicious or illegal content by agencies. Faced with this anti-terrorist countermeasures, a propaganda operation acknowledged in September 2014 that the online efforts of its followers were "disastrous."
Engagement between people and agencies
Engagement between citizens and government
At least in the CNN/YouTube presidential debate (2007) and the NBC News YouTube Democratic (2016) candidate debate, ordinary and prominent YouTubers ask questions to US presidential candidates via YouTube videos. Commenting that YouTube "puts power in the hands of camera holders", New York Times journalist Katharine Q. Seelye notes that because visual images can be more powerful than written words, videos have the potential to provoke emotion. responses from candidates and framing elections in new ways. Quoting a techPresident co-founder who said that Internet videos changed the political landscape, Seelye writes that most of the US presidential campaigns are now fully engaged with the video, with seven of the sixteen 2008 presidential candidates announcing their campaign on YouTube. Campaigns allow their videos to be embedded, criticized and rewritten per YouTube technical features, thereby giving up control over the context of their videos. Although YouTube was first presented as a way for a campaign to engage young voters, the video was said as soon as the 2008 elections had profoundly affected popular perceptions across other demographics and became more important than direct mail.
Although television advertising still dominates how 2012 US political campaigns initially reached voters - with only about 10% of advertising budgets directed to the Internet - the YouTube platform provides fast communication and engages people in a "one click" approach to actively participating. by volunteering, sharing content or promising financial support. Director of the Center for Technology Innovation at the Brookings Institution said that sharing videos of individuals through a trusted network adds credibility to conventional direct ads.
Various government bodies, such as the US Congress and the Vatican in early 2009, began using YouTube to disseminate information directly through video. The White House official YouTube Channel was discovered in 2012 to become the seventh largest producer of news organizations on YouTube. The US presidency Barack Obama, who first started (2009) after YouTube gained popularity, was quickly noted for his "overall expertise on Internet visual" and "nonstop cinematography".
Paradoxically, the presence of a burgeoning digital media did not undermine the behavior of public figures, but in 2009 it appears to have sparked a cautious reserve associated with an attentive avoidance of possible ridicule by a video parody; "Avoiding YouTube moments" has become part of the political language before the tenth anniversary of the website (2015). While politicians became better known and accessible than a decade earlier, politicians have also learned to bypass unwanted questions from traditional media by using self-produced videos to communicate with voters directly. Extensive extensive investigation of the public sayings of politicians leads Chris Cillizza's Chris Post to assert in 2015 that "spontaneity in politics has been killed - or at least badly hurt - by YouTube."
In November 2013, a video, "There is a Way Forward", was posted to the Iranian foreign ministry's Mohammad Javad Zarif's YouTube channel as part of a clear effort to "set the tone and context" of the next nuclear power negotiations negotiations between Iran and the six powers world. Zarif's video is said to be part of an effort to reach the West, as Iran itself has blocked YouTube's access to Iranians.
In February 2014, US President Obama held a meeting at the White House with a leading YouTube creator. While promoting awareness of the Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare") is a central topic, the meeting is more general about ways in which governments can connect with the younger "YouTube Generation". While YouTube's inherent ability to allow the president to connect directly with the average citizen is recorded, a new understanding of new content from YouTube creators is deemed necessary for better handling of annoying website content and fluctuating audiences. The White House meeting follows a social media exchange health campaign in December 2013 to encourage young adults to get the appropriate health insurance Obamacare, a campaign including spoof music video of Obama broadcaster Iman Crosson. Obama followed in January 2015 by arranging to be interviewed by three of YouTube's most popular creators in what the White House spokesman said as "an effort to involve as many Americans as possible in various places."
Public video service announcements, such as those that promote water conservation, have been produced by both government entities and in school competitions.
src: i.ytimg.com
Personal expression
Expanded expression of political ideas
YouTube was awarded the George Foster Peabody Award 2008, a website described as the Speaker Corner that "both embodies and promotes democracy." A 2012 Pew Research Center study explicitly found that the protest was the second most popular topic on YouTube, but was not among the main subjects on conventional network night news. The 2017 New York Times Magazine article suggests that YouTube has become the "new talk radio" for the far right.
In the Arab Spring (2010-), protesters uploaded videos showing political protests and comments, with sociologist Philip N. Howard describing the "cascade effect" through which personal content, more than centralized ideology, spilled over national boundaries through social networks. Howard cited a briefing of activists who organized political unrest involving "us (ing) Facebook to schedule protests, Twitter to coordinate, and YouTube to tell the world." Many national governments have censored or prohibited YouTube from restricting public exposure to content that could trigger social or political unrest, to prevent ethical or moral-based violations, or to block videos mocking national leaders or historical figures.
When governments of countries like Syria begin to check YouTube videos made by users to identify and capture dissidents, by 2012 YouTube provides a tool that allows uploaders to obscure faces of subjects to protect their identities.
In countries with tighter political and social environments, players like comedians in Saudi Arabia have found a more free speech to be accepted through their YouTube channels. Similarly, Bassem Youssef - formerly a physician who helped the injured man in Tahrir Square during the 2011 Egyptian Revolution - is confident to post political satire videos to YouTube, which launched a similarly themed career on Egyptian television that led to Youssef's arrest for insulting Islam and then President Morsi and into what Deutsche Welle calls "perhaps the most famous personality in the Arab world today."
YouTube serves as a platform for individuals to voice their views on parliamentary and presidential elections (2011, 2012) in Russia, either in a serious or satirical way, one of them - the satire "Vladimir Putin's Arrest: a report from the courtroom" - has been seen quite a lot to create a list of the most popular videos on YouTube for two consecutive weeks.
More than a third of the US Senate introduced a bipartisan resolution condemning defendant International Criminal Court Joseph Kony 16 days after the Invisible Children, Inc. video. "Kony 2012" posted to YouTube. Sponsorship sponsor Senator Resolution Lindsey Graham said that "this YouTube sensation... will do more to lead to death (Kony) than any combination of other actions." Politico's Scott Wong describes the video, with 84 million YouTube views on the 17th day, as "a recent example of social media that changed policy debates and political dynamics on Capitol Hill." By 2015 Caitlin Dewey argued that the video serves as a social model for every subsequent online movement, and is "the first deployment of what we now call 'an opinion-based social identity.'"
Racial minority expression and minority viewpoint
The Washington Post reported that the disproportionate part - 8 out of 20 in April 2012 - the most registered YouTube channel featured a minority, in contrast to American mainstream television, where stars are mostly white. Such channels thus target audiences largely ignored by traditional networks, who feel the pressure to attract a wider audience. According to research, online media offers a way to fight stereotypes that last long.
Share personal information
Benefits of sharing personal information
After 2010 US military revocation Do not ask, do not tell policy, lots of outgoing videos - marked as possible for self actualization and individual growth, and even prevent suicide - posted to YouTube. Uploaders are able to limit their video viewers, which is facilitated by what clinical psychologists characterize as a loss of stigma surrounding the sharing of personal information.
People, especially the elderly, post videos of "legacy projects" to share their life stories, and can receive audience feedback that allows them to expand their social contacts. This interaction is very useful for those who have limited mobility.
Dangers of sharing personal information
Some private information videos, such as those depicting self-abuse by uploaders, can have a negative impact on viewers. Such videos can encourage, normalize, or hurt themselves, can trigger audiences to injure themselves, and can reinforce malicious behavior through regular broadcast.
The video's ability to bring self-fame or humiliation to others has motivated physical violence, such as the beating of videos recorded from a 16-year-old Florida cheerleader by six teenage girls over a half hour period, causing concussion and hearing loss and sight temporarily, generating international media attention, and inspired the film of the Lifetime Television Network 2011 Girl Fight.
Some YouTube creators have taken advantage of their celebrity status and have abused their relationship with fans, occasionally manipulating emotional or sexual abuse in adolescents younger than age of consent. While, on the other hand, online creators are sometimes victims of abuse of abuse, some bona fide victims do not report actual harassment for embarrassing the victim by other fans, self-blaming the victim, oppression, fear of retribution, or delay in processing what has happened.
Advertising and marketing
Online videos, especially dominant YouTube players, have enabled small businesses to reach customers in ways that were previously accessible only to large companies capable of buying television ads, allowing them to form "brand channels", track audience metrics, and provide instructional videos to reduce the need for expensive customer support. Large companies "mengamortasi" the huge cost of their Super Bowl television ads by trying to maximize post-game video playback.
YouTube has focused on channel development rather than creating content Mainstream opinion measurement
In the year following its formation in 2005, YouTube, with its viewership view, was likened to a "cultural survey", with more popular artists attracting established production companies. However, in the early years of YouTube, music labels have difficulty measuring the commercial value of online popularity, which feels that the "convenience factor" of the Internet makes an online artist less indication of audience attachment than direct measurement such as CD sales and concert attendance. In early 2013 Billboard has announced that it's factoring YouTube streaming data into Billboard calculations Hot 100 charts and Hot 100 formula based genre charts. Putting online listening on the same footing as a purchase the actual song to define the hits is described as reflecting "the latest shift in strength in the music industry: from record labels and radio DJs to listeners".
Then in 2013, Forbes Katheryn Thayer notes that, although booking the right concert venue and radio and television stations once prompted the artist to be famous, social media activity has become "undoubtedly important". Emphasizing the importance of award-winning YouTube Music Awards 2013 - social media statistics that inform the nominees and social media stocks that determine the winners - Thayer insists that the work of the digital era artists must not only be of high quality but must react to the YouTube platform and social media.
Reaching a wider audience
YouTube has been used to grow audiences, by individual undiscovered artists and by large production companies.
YouTube evolution as a platform for individuals and companies
Within a year after the 2005 YouTube launch - one commentator called "the biggest shock to Internet video" - entertainment industry executives and casting agents were researching video sharing websites. When a video gets big, it's not uncommon for the manufacturer to hear from the production company. In June 2006, Hollywood industry and well-known music companies have begun to build formal business relationships with YouTube's "homegrown" talent - first believed to be Brooke Brooke's "Brookers" comedian Brodack (via Carson Daly), then singer Justin Bieber (via Usher) , and satir a physician-into-politics Bassem Youssef (via the Egyptian television network).
Old media celebrities also moved to websites at the invitation of YouTube management that watched early creators gain a large following, and the size of viewers perceived as potentially larger than can be achieved by television. In June 2006, YouTube formed its first partnership with major content provider, NBC, promoting the fall of the television channel. In October 2006, Google paid $ 1.65 billion to buy 67-employee YouTube, searching for a profitable marketing platform as both viewers and advertisers migrated from television to the Internet. Google made the website more business driven, starting to coat the banner to video ads in August 2007. While the video platform remains available to its pioneering creators, large production companies are starting to dominate.
Independent artists build grassroots that amount to thousands with little cost or effort, but retail and mass radio promotions - areas still dominated by record labels - are proving to be problematic. In the meantime, in early 2006, YouTube management convinced four major music labels - who had been wary of websites for the large amount of their copyrighted material - to partner with YouTube, convincing them that YouTube could help them make more money by connecting them with an ever-growing Internet audience. In April 2009, YouTube and Vivendi worked together to form the Vevo music video service. Though YouTube invested $ 875,000 in its NextUp 2011 tips and training programs for promising newbie YouTubers, the company spent $ 100 million on a "genuine" strategy to get major celebrities to curate the channel - hoping to benefit from the loyalty of a personal enthusiast pioneered by the pioneers. creators and expected ad levels are higher than new celebrity channels. Paradoxically, production companies were ultimately shaped by the pioneer YouTubers who created about a third of these new "authentic" channels.
In 2012, CMU business editors have characterized YouTube as a "free promotional platform for music labels", and by 2013 videos from 2.5% of artists categorized as "mega", "mainstream" and "mid-sized" received 90 , 3% of relevant views on YouTube and Vevo. In 2014 YouTube announces that it will block videos from labels that do not sign licensing contracts for premium paid music streaming services, which do not include independent record labels that refuse to sign contracts with lower terms than those agreed by all labels big.
In 2016, YouTube's demonstration of user videos that have "controversial or sensitive subjects and events... even if graphic imagery is not displayed" - thereby prohibiting ad revenue - angry creators who see the policy as "rampant censor" and inspire signature #YouTubeIsOverParty on social media.
Post the video as a livelihood
Enabling new ways of earning a living, YouTube's "Partner Program", advertising-revenue-sharing arrangements began in 2007, growing in January 2012 to about 30,000 partners, the top five hundred partners each earning over $ 100,000 per year and some " more". In addition, the brand is reported in 2012 to pay six figures directly to the most popular YouTuber to create and upload ads.
See also
External links
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments